Health and Medicine

Syncope is a transient impairment of brain function due to a sudden reduction of the blood supply to the brain. Syncope often occurs as a result of strong emotions, stay longer in the warm and stuffy rooms, with damage to the autonomic nervous system, heart disease, impaired metabolism, when taking certain drugs and others.
Most – Syncope is common after this stress. Manifested by transient loss of consciousness, muscle weakness and falling sick, if he is upright. Patients are pale, perspiring and measurement of blood pressure and pulse are greatly reduced. Syncope associated with impairment of the autonomic nervous system occurs with the lowering of blood pressure and heart rate that occurs when getting up from lying in the right position. For the diagnosis of syncope is essential measurement and continuous monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate upon standing (orthostatic test). To clarify the cause of syncope was required electrocardiogram, electromyography, electroencephalography, trans cranial  Doppler sonography. With these studies excluded cardiovascular disease, epileptic seizure, vestibular disorders, psychogenic seizures, etc..

The outcome of syncope depends on the reason that it has caused. Reflex syncope, and those are the consequences of mental disturbances, occurring usually beneficial, especially when time is given medical help. There are so safe and syncope in infectious heart disease, sometimes even when not all patients can be on ¬ back to life.
To seek urgent medical attention.

Headache is the most common clinical manifestation in Morbid neurology. The location of many painful sensations in the head is determined by a large number of pain receptors located in the face in the soft tissues of the skull in the canister of the cerebral arteries and veins in the
hard shell of the brain mater, in the eyes, ears, nose and para-nasal cavities. Headache is divided into two major groups:
• Primary headache – migraine headache Expansion, clusters headache, chronic paroxysmal hemikrany, other types of headache not related to structural changes.
• Secondary headache (headache a symptom of another disease) – increased blood pressure, impaired cerebral circulation, other injuries of the skull, cervical spine, mouth, sinuses, eyes, ears, nose or other facial or cranial structures, brain tumors, inflammations and other diseases.
Treatment of primary headaches are determined by the type of headache – migraine headache Expansion, clusters headache, chronic paroxysmal hemikrany and conducted with specific medications called „triptans“, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with antidepressants and with symptomatic medication. Not recommended use of analgesics.
In the presence of secondary headaches is necessary to treat the underlying disease, which causes it. Used and analgesics.

Neuralgia is a disease of the peripheral nerves, causing acute pain, spreading in areas of the body, corresponding to the location of the nerve. Typically, early in the disease the pain is short (seconds or minutes), but later can become chronic and become almost constant. Neuralgia occurs without a clearly identifiable cause (idiopathic neuralgia) or is caused by inflammation, trauma, nerve compression (symptomatic neuralgia). The most common neuralgia are trigeminal neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, gloss-pharyngeal-neuralgia, inter-costal neuralgia, neuralgia morbidity after herpes zoster. Treatment of neuralgia is done with specific drugs (carbamazepine, gabapentin), physiotherapy, acupuncture.

Dementia is an acquired disease, characterized by disorder of higher cortical functions in man who is conscious. Manifested by a gradual or stepwise violation in memory, attention, emotions, the performance of daily activities and more.
Dementias are several types. Broadly they are divided into:
1. Degenerative – Alzheimer’s disease (familial and sporadic forms) in Parkinson’s disease and others.
2. Vascular patients with cerebrovascular disease (transient ischemic attack, stroke, chronic cerebral ischemia). Arises as a result of hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, obesity, alcohol abuse, smoking and others.
3. Dementia in intoxications, hormonal disorders and other injuries.
4. Mixed forms
The incidence of dementia increases worldwide.
In advanced stages, treatment is difficult and sometimes unpromising. Deteriorate the quality of life not only for patients but also their relatives. In connection with the necessity of an expensive treatment and in advanced stages – special care of patients, dementia is becoming a greater medical and social importance.
It is therefore necessary to increase public attention on several points:
1. In the first onset of symptoms of impaired memory to consult a neurologist experienced in diagnosis and treatment of dementia. This is necessary to distinguish between early forms of dementia, the so-called physiological age forgetfulness.
2. Removal of risk factors and treatment of major diseases that lead to cerebro-vascular disease.
3. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment of diseases that develop dementia – Alzheimer’s disease, cerebro-vascular disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and others.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with relapsing deterioration or primary progressive course.
The disease most often begins between the ages of 15-50, the most commonly affects females. With the greatest propensity for the occurrence of multiple sclerosis is Caucasian.
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the appearance of areas of damage, mostly white brain matter in the central nervous system. As a result of this disease process compromising the transmission of nerve impulses and they begin to transmit more slowly.
Causes of disease is not known.
Suggested the involvement of hereditary factors, and other viral agents and  auto – reactivity of the organism.
The most common symptoms of the disease are motor and sensory disturbances followed in frequency by visual as well as violations of coordination and urination.
Movement disorders manifest as weakness and tightness in the arms or legs, right or left limbs and the presence of pathological reflexes (unusual for the adult motor responses under certain stimuli). The most common disorders are sensory numbness, decreased sensation in extremities. Visual disturbances occur with reduced vision, which is generally unilateral, impaired color vision or the appearance of „spot“ in the field. Belong to micturition  disorders frequent urination, discharge in less need, the sense of inability to hold urine.
Besides these most common manifestations of the disease with multiple sclerosis can be observed and affected eye motor nerves, fatigue, worsening of symptoms with increased body temperature, sexual disorders.
The course of the disease is highly individual, described different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis have a different course and prognosis.
Diagnosis is based on neurological examination, electrophysiological studies, liquidation and urological examination and conducting magnetic resonance imaging study.

Treatment during an attack is conducted with corticosteroids and a period without seizures with different groups of medications – immunosuppressants and immunomodulators.

It is not yet clear what causes this chronic fatigue syndrome. Characteristic signs include constant fatigue, leading to exhaustion, without the presence of such symptoms in the past. This condition may persist for 6 months. Much of its symptoms are similar to those of influenza situation, so until recently it was thought that this kind of flu. It is now clear, however, that this disease is quite different. The characteristic symptoms may include low fever, sore throat, painful lymph nodes in the armpit and neck, unexplained muscle weakness, muscle pain, unusual headaches, aching joints, which move in different joints, depression, irritability and insomnia.
Research shows that this condition is caused by an imbalance of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands. This leads to a delay function of the adrenal glands and depletion. This condition can be easily detected if the following exercise to monitor fatigue.
Hypo-function of the adrenal glands confuses the metabolism of glucose and hypo-glycaemia. Moreover, reducing the body’s ability to fight pain and inflammation. This is the result of reduced production of natural cortisone-like  substances in the adrenal glands.  Supporting the adrenal glands by different herbs defined diet and stress reduction makes possible completely cure the disease.

The immune system of people suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, is also upset. Some people experience a weakened immune system, like people suffering from AIDS. In others there is an overactive immune system, similar to that in suffering from autoimmune disease lupus. Re-balancing the immune system is of utmost importance.
Many people suffering from this disease are in a state of depression. In these cases it is important to start taking antidepressants like weak herbal St. John’s wort. This depression is usually temporary and resolves with recovery of adrenal function.

Herbs that help chronic fatigue syndrome, can be used in short or long term.
Short-term use:
• licorice root – inhibits the enzyme that breaks down cortisone, which leads to the release of the body cortisone-like more natural substances.
Long-term use:
• Siberian ginseng – supports normal functioning of the adrenal glands;
• Asian ginseng – supports adrenal and immune system;
• magnesium;
• L-carnitine;
• Vitamin B complex.
Hypofunction of the adrenal glands often leads to low blood sugar – hypoglycemia. A good way to deal with low blood sugar is to eat more frequently but in small portions. In addition to the normal 3 meals a day, add two more intermediate. Reduce the amount of food intake for one meal! Intermediate foods should not include candies, chocolates or snacks. Instead, include fruit salad, nuts.
Eliminate simple carbohydrates from your diet – especially products containing white sugar. Replace them with sources of complex carbohydrates and fiber – fruits and vegetables. Maintain a normal level of protein intake with soy, fish and nuts.
Studies show that food allergies can contribute to the development of chronic fatigue syndrome. Consult a nutritionist and allergist for the presence of food allergies.
Explore for underactive thyroid. Use relaxation program. If you have muscle pain, acupuncture or massage add to your treatment program. Do not stop exercise completely – moderate exercise useful. It is important not to work too hard because it can significantly worsen the symptoms.

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that most often starts after 55 and affects both sexes equally.

Due to damage to the cells that synthesize dopamine in the brain.
Causes of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but suggests the involvement of various factors (hereditary, environmental, etc.)..
The disease can begin with nonspecific symptoms such as pain in the shoulder and neck stiffness and mild clumsiness in the affected limbs. Characteristic of the disease is affected mainly the left or right limbs.
Gradually over time and appear typical of Parkinson’s disease symptoms – tremor at rest, a feeling of stiffness, slowness of movements, mask  person (without gestures), slow and quiet speech, partnerships weaken the hand movements when walking, changes, handwriting, gait becomes unstable with excesses.
To insert the correct diagnosis is necessary a good knowledge of symptoms and distinguish between Parkinson’s disease from other diseases with similar clinical picture.
Of great importance is the early initiation of treatment. Originally applied drugs that prevent further damage to the cells synthesizing dopamine. For more advanced stages of the disease groups there are different medications that successfully control the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (dopamine agonists, L – dopa, anticholienergic drugs).

Back pain are very common. 75-80% of the population at least once in their life have this problem.
They can be caused by diseases of the vertebrae,  intervertebral  discs, joints and connecting them located in the back muscles, thus affecting the peripheral nerve roots. Spine causing spontaneous pain, tight restrictions on the movements and deformations. Pain may be localized, constant, dull or burning, be accompanied by disruption of the normal posture. Very often there is an acute, severe pain that spreads to the spine of the corresponding arm or leg and increases when you cough or sneeze. In some cases, muscle weakness and atrophy of muscles. Diagnosis is with radiographs in different projections, computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance of the spine, a study of peripheral nerve conduction and electromyography with their roots or electroneurography. These studies aim to clarify the cause of pain.
Treatment of back pain include proper hygienic regime – about 2 weeks in bed, avoid heavy exercise, weight reduction, if necessary, exercises to strengthen abdominal and back muscles. Of the drugs used NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, anti-edema, corticosteroids, analgesics, vitamins B and city physical therapy. If necessary  patients referred for surgical treatment.

New form „svrahlosh“ cholesterol found British scientists at the University of Warwick, said „family newspaper“. It has sugar molecules that are smaller and denser than those of „bad“ LDL cholesterol forward CROSS.

Researchers found that „svrahloshiyat“ cholesterol labeled MGmin-LDL is formed from the addition of sugar groups to the known „bad“ cholesterol, which makes the molecules smaller and it becomes more dense.

By changing the form of „bad“ cholesterol, sugar groups discover new parts of its surface that is easier to attach to artery walls. So „svrahloshiyat“ cholesterol is less sticky than „bad“ and therefore more easily attached to blood vessels, thereby providing a starting point for the accumulation of plaque. It occurs in people with type 2 diabetes in older people.

The discovery of British researchers said the increased risk of coronary heart disease in diabetics. And also why the drug metformin prescribed for diabetes, reduces the risk of heart attack.

The effect is explained by the fact that it lowers blood sugar and can block the conversion of „bad“ LDL cholesterol and svrahloshiya „MGmin-LDL.

Can blood group determines the risk of cancer, infertility and stomach ulcers, as well as diseases such as cholera and malaria?

For many years scientists rejected the idea of ??any other medical significance of blood group, except for blood transfusion. They do not pay attention to the observance of the stars according to blood group diet, according to which type of blood determines the body’s reaction to certain foods. Recently, however, more studies reveal how blood type influences the susceptibility to some deadly diseases.

The latest survey shows that people with blood group O are less at risk of infarction. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania have found that depending studying 20,000 people. They found that most people who carry a gene called Adamts7, have a significantly increased risk of heart attack, but in people with blood type O, which also have this gene, no such risk. The research team points out that this discovery could lead to development of new therapies for risk of heart attack. For example, drugs that mimic the beneficial effect of the gene for blood group zero.

Blood group is determined by genes inherited from parents. Thousands of years evolution has divided the blood of 4 groups: A, B, AB and O. Groups differ in their antigen / protective immune systems / on the surface of red blood cells. Each blood type has evolved in the development of defenses against deadly diseases. Each of them has its weak spot. People with zero group are at lower risk of dying from malaria than other groups. But they are more susceptible to cholera and stomach ulcers caused by viruses and bacteria.

Years studying the relationship between blood groups and disease is discredited because of the Nazis. In the 30s the German „racial science professor“ Oto Rehe stated that all pure Aryans have zero blood group. According to him, most of the enemies blood group was group B. In this way he identified the „lower“ races were persecuted during the rise of Hitler.

Although from a scientific point of view, these claims are absurd, in Japan there is still discrimination based on blood groups. In the 20s of last century, Japanese scholars maintained that blood groups create different personalities. This assumption proved to such an extent that during World War II Imperial army formed battle groups according to blood group.

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The idea risen in the 70s, when Japanese bestsellers spread the idea that people with blood group A are sensitive, but restless with group B – cheerful, but concentrated, with zero group – responsive, but stubborn, and with AB – artistic and unpredictable. This theory has its dark side. Bura-hara (rank by blood group) is a common practice in Japan. Appointments are often heads of companies complying with the blood group of candidates. Children at some kindergartens are also grouped by blood groups. Dating agencies provide blood tests for compatibility of blood groups.
Despite many misconceptions, there is strong scientific evidence that blood group may be the secret to fighting the deadly disease.
In the 50s of last century research in 4 London hospitals found that the risk of developing stomach cancer is much higher for people with blood group A, than those with group O, although people with zero group are higher risk of peptic ulcer.
This year, these findings were confirmed by the Swedish Karolinska Institute scientists, who for 35 years were studied one million people. They argue that people with blood group A are more susceptible to smoking, drinking alcohol and NSAIDs, which are risk factors for stomach cancer. People with zero group are more vulnerable to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which causes peptic ulcers.

Last year, American scientists found that blood group of women can affect their chances of getting pregnant. Study of over 560 women treated by infertility, showed that those with zero group had 2 times fewer eggs that were in poor, which could affect the chances of conception. The study of women’s blood group A are protected by reducing the number of eggs over time. According to American researchers, the precise reasons for the relationship between blood group and ovarian reserve are not known.
Blood group is associated with other reproductive problems. Scientists from the University „Harvard“ found that women with group B or AB are at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer. There are suspicions that the blood group AB can double or even triple the risk of preeclampsia – a life-threatening condition in which a sharp increase in blood pressure. This discovery may help identify women at highest risk.
Another study found that people with blood types AB and B are more at risk of pancreatic cancer. Danish researchers even argue that men with a blood group zero are more prone to weight gain and obesity.
With so much scientific data to ask why not tell us about the health risks associated with blood group. Apparently the public still does not care enough many different factors that increase or reduce health risks. They focus on traditional things – such as nutrition, smoking, and other movements, but do not realize that bad habits may be triggered by something much greater.

Diet according to blood group is gaining momentum and becoming more popular. This may affect the interest of people to tiny blood cells that play a much larger role than we thought. According to that diet A group of people should eat vegetarian food, and those with zero group – meat, dairy products and cereals.
Dietitians do not support this diet as the exclusion of entire food groups is not useful. This diet leads to a significant shortage of substances in the body, such as calcium.
Source: Health.bg